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Historians have always said that William won because he was a better General and that the Norman style of fighting - on horseback - was more modern. But this programme questions whether his victory was inevitable. No clues have ever been found on the battlefield - so researchers are now using a surprising array of unusual specialist techniques to investigate what really happened. They conclude that William did not win the Battle of Hastings because he was the better General. Harold and William were well matched as opponents and on the day it came down to good luck - victory came down to the simple fact that Harold was killed first.
This film was first broadcast: 28 Sep 2004
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Start your journey of discovery with Our History, as we bring you eye-opening documentaries and educational programmes about our world history. We will guide you through awe-inspiring events from our past and help you get a deeper understanding of current affairs and global events that have shaped the world we live in today.
Content distributed by ITV Studios.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the most valuable thing that you have learned in history?
There isn't an easy answer to this question. When thinking about learning, there are three key points you should consider. We must first realize that knowledge is power. Second, it is important to recognize that knowledge is cumulative. Third, we must appreciate how quickly knowledge changes.
Knowledge is power. This empowers us with the knowledge we need to make better decisions and live better lives. If we had all the information, it wouldn't be difficult to make decisions. We would always do what we want without worrying about if it was right or wrong.
Knowledge is not just power; it's also cumulative. This means that once we've learned something, we continue to add more knowledge to our brains. As time passes, we get smarter and smarter. Knowledge accumulates.
Let's now move on to the third point. While knowledge is cumulative, it doesn't stay static for very long. Knowledge is ever-changing. Every day, scientists discover new facts, theories, and ways of thinking. Every day, new discoveries are made.
Our culture is dependent on technology that allows us instant access to information. Technology allows us to save vast amounts data and share it between millions of people across the globe.
Globalization has changed how we think about technology. Globalization refers the process whereby ideas and products are spread across borders. Globalization has made knowledge accessible to everyone.
Anyone can access any information on the internet. Anyone can read books, watch movies, listen to music, play video games, and surf the web. All of these activities require knowledge.
Information is becoming more accessible and more specialized. Today, there are thousands of websites providing advice on topics such a health, finance, business and cooking. These sites provide information on virtually every topic imaginable.
But if you go online to buy a car, you'll probably find only a few dozen sites offering automotive-related services and products. There will not be thousands of sites that cover every subject. You'll only find a handful of sites that specialize in cars.
Because experts in certain fields can share and create valuable knowledge, this is why specialization is important. Experts often have an in-depth knowledge of a subject. Experts are also skilled at producing content that is relevant to their target audience.
This is great news for consumers as they no longer have to search through a lot of useless information. Instead, consumers can narrow their search to a select few websites that contain lots of useful information.
Specialization is also a benefit for experts, who can create strong businesses around their expertise. When someone buys a book, he expects the author to know his subject well enough to write a clear and concise explanation of the material. He wants to be confident that the author understands his message.
An expert who does not specialize risks losing out to potential customers who expect him be knowledgeable.
Specialization isn't limited to just one area. Nowadays, specialists are not limited to one area. You might be an accountant or lawyer, a doctor or teacher. But we're also likely to be a parent, spouses, friends, and fans.
Experts agree that it is impossible to succeed in one area without being skilled in another.
How can you become an expert in multiple fields? The simple answer is practice. To learn anything, you have to practice. And when you make progress, you keep going until you reach a level where people recognize your expertise.
There are whole industries dedicated to helping others reach this goal. You can learn how to quickly acquire knowledge through workshops, seminars, conferences and schools.
What can our mistakes teach?
You can learn from your mistakes. It's a learning experience that will help you to improve your skills. Even more important, you can correct any mistakes you make. So don't sweat the small stuff because there's nothing wrong with making mistakes. All of us make mistakes.
While it's possible to feel embarrassed when you make a mistake, it doesn’t necessarily mean that you should feel bad. How you handle your mistakes is what matters most. You will let your mistakes bother you. You'll be stronger if you see them as opportunities to grow.
Recognize and move on from a mistake. This is the best way to learn from it. Do not dwell on it. Instead, look ahead to the next step. Keep moving forward.
Don't be discouraged by your failures. Instead, learn from your mistakes and look for ways you can improve. Learn from your mistakes to improve your future.
Successful Inventions Made by Accident
Inventors make mistakes. However, the way we react to those errors will determine whether our inventions turn out to be great successes or failures.
Invention is not an accident. Every single invention was made intentionally. There are no accidental inventions.
A deliberate act of invention is called an invention. An intention to create something. Something that solves the problem. A solution that improves the quality of life.
But the key to a successful invention is understanding that nothing happens accidentally. Instead of trying avoidable mistakes, learn from them.
Invention is not easy. Invention takes persistence and hard work. It's not a quick fix. It takes time.
It means you have to spend a lot more time thinking about and trying out different ideas. What is it that people are most concerned about? What do they want?
These are the questions you need to ask. These questions will help guide you in deciding what kind of product/service you should develop next.
This requires you to let go of any preconceived notions. Don't make assumptions about what people want or need. You need to pay attention to the needs of your potential customers and customers.
You must find out what they want. You must learn what they really want.
Once you have identified what they want, the next step is to design a way that you can give it to them. This is where invention begins.
What can we learn from history to avoid repeating past errors?
Because we keep repeating the same mistakes, history repeats itself. We don't learn from our mistakes. We don't change. We get complacent. We settle for mediocrity.
History also repeats itself because we keep believing the same old stories. We live in a world where we've been conditioned to believe that there are fixed truths and immutable laws. We cannot change them.
This is a way to stop us from thinking critically. It prevents us from questioning authority. From challenging assumptions. When we do not question, we stagnate. When we don't learn, we stagnate. If we stagnate, then we make the exact same mistakes.
But history isn't the same because we continue making the same mistakes. History repeats itself because we refuse to learn from our mistakes and instead continue to make the same ones over and over.
It is possible to break the cycle of history repetition. You can change the way you see the world, and your perspective by realizing that nothing is fixed in stone. There is no set in stone. Everything is constantly changing.
To break the cycle, embrace uncertainty. Accepting the possibility of things going wrong. To accept that we may not succeed. Accepting that failure is possible.
Accept the fact that you might not reach your goals. Acceptance is a part of learning, but it's important to continue improving.
You will always remain stuck in the past if you hold on to certainty. If you insist on the existence of fixed truths, then you will never move forward.
If you want freedom, you have to let go. You must let go of control if you want to move forward.
What are three things you can learn from history?
There are numerous examples throughout history that demonstrate how we can learn and improve from our mistakes. These lessons can be applied today to business problems and used as opportunities for growth.
We have learned from the past that there are always other ways to do things. There are always people out there who think outside the box and take risks that make them stand out.
History shows that the underdogs are often the ones who win. So when you feel stuck, overwhelmed, or even lost, look back to those times when the underdog won.
Learn from the past and use the lessons to improve your future. Learn from the failures and successes of others.
These lessons will help improve your success rate.
Statistics
- According to the wiki Napoleon Bonaparte who led many successful battles during the French revolution and gained popularity as Little Corporal was 1.68 meters long, equivalent to 5 foot 6 inches, which is indeed the average height of men. (knownepal.net)
- Only 2.5% of Americans owned stocks in 1929. (collabfund.com)
- According to Smithsonian, mailing young James Beagle through postage cost only 15 cents, although his parents paid him $50. (medium.com)
- According to the Washington Post, Coming back to babies' mailing, the most extended trip taken by a “mailed” child happened to be in 1915. (medium.com)
- During the Peak of her power, She commanded over 1,800 pirate ships and an estimated 80,000 men. (knownepal.net)
External Links
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en.wikipedia.org
history.com
How To
How did marketing history turn into propaganda?
The term "propaganda," which was first used in 1879 by Max Weber, a German sociologist, was derived from the Greek word Praopagos which means "to communicate well". The Latin verb "propere", meaning "nearby" and "at hand", and the noun “agogos,” meaning "speech, discourse," are the origins of the term. It is "a systematic effort towards shaping attitudes and behaviour."
George Orwell, a British journalist, wrote in his 1928 book, "Propaganda": "To understand propaganda's true nature, we need to realize that it does not have the intent to make people believe anything. It is only the intention of changing their beliefs...It is meant to make them accept one thing over another."
Edward Bernays (1891 –1955), who was Sigmund Fréud's nephew. The psychoanalyst and nephew of Sigmund Freud became famous after he invented "public relations" back in 1922. He said that "the conscious and intelligent manipulation of the organized habits and opinions of the masses is an important element in a democratic society." He established the public relations company "Bernays & Company" where he worked up to 1955.
Bernays' "engineering consent" technique was developed in the 1920s and 1950s. It involves influencing public opinion by using publicity campaigns and advertising. His techniques were later adopted by mass media companies such as Time Magazine, CBS News, NBC News, and Newsweek. Bernays began to work closely with corporations, government agencies, and individuals after World War II. Johnson & Johnson was among his clients.
The tobacco industry was his most prominent client. Philip Morris, who he assisted in developing a campaign against smoking was the most prominent client. The campaign resulted from the SurgeonGeneral recommending that smoking be banned indoors. The Cigarette Advertising Act, which banned any advertisement for cigarettes in print media (magazines, newspapers, television) was passed by the Senate in 1965.
He also advised President Franklin D Roosevelt on how to deal with the growing labor movement during the Great Depression. Bernays suggested to the president that he declare a "war against hunger" and use the federal government's ability to ensure adequate food supplies. This strategy made the government look like a benevolent father figure and helped the president win re-election in 1936.
As the popularity of radio increased, Bernays started promoting the idea of "radio listening" to increase sales of radios. In the 1930s, Bernays introduced the concepts of "branding", and "advertising". He believed that consumers can be influenced by appealing directly to their emotions and making them feel special. He promoted the slogan, "Have I got what it takes?" In 1933, he encouraged women to purchase war bonds.
He founded a political committee, "Young People for Freedom," in 1944. This group had one goal: to encourage Americans aged between 18 and 30 to vote Republican. Dwight Eisenhower won, in 1952, the presidency after Bernays' efforts.
Bernays convinced CIA to organize a coup in Iran in 1953. Shah Reza Pahlevi was replaced by Mohammad Mosaddegh. This was necessary to stop Mosaddegh nationalizing Iranian oil fields. Bernays wrote articles in praise of the new regime, calling it a "moderate," a "progressive", and a "modernized" one after the coup.
Bernays also received numerous awards throughout his career.
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